Unregistered Trademark Rights: UK Passing Off Law

Don't need registered trademark to sue. UK common law protects trading names if you prove 3 elements.

Trademark Lens Team

You don't need a registered trademark to sue for name theft. UK common law protects trading names through "passing off" if you can prove these 3 elements in court.

Element 1: Goodwill

Reputation with customers. They associate the name with your business specifically.

Courts require minimum 2-3 years consistent trading to establish goodwill. New businesses rarely win passing off cases.

Element 2: Misrepresentation

Competitor uses confusingly similar name. Customers believe it's you or associated with you.

Proving Customer Confusion

Surveys, misdirected mail, phone calls intended for them. Document everything.

Element 3: Damage

Lost sales, reputation harm, customer confusion. Quantify in pounds.

Evidence You Need

Sales records, customer testimonials, marketing materials, media coverage. Build this from day one.

Warning: Passing off cases cost £50,000-200,000 in legal fees. Registered trademarks cost £170-400. Prevention is cheaper.

Generic Names Can't Be Trademarked

If you want legal protection and a name competitors can't copy, make it distinctive from day one. Generic names fail both trademark AND passing off protection.

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