"Software" too broad (rejected). "Accounting software" too narrow (doesn't cover future CRM pivot). "Business management software" = Goldilocks zone. Specification wording = critical.
Class Heading Trap
Class 25 heading: "Clothing, footwear, headgear." Seems comprehensive. But excludes specialist items. "Thermal underwear" ≠ covered by heading. Need explicit wording or lose protection.
Too Broad = Rejection
"Apparatus" alone = refused (what kind?). "Electronic apparatus" still too broad. "Electronic payment processing apparatus" = acceptable specificity. EUIPO demands precision.
The Future Pivot Problem
Today: Sell invoicing software (Class 9). Tomorrow: Add consulting (Class 42). Specification "invoicing software" doesn't cover consulting. File both classes initially or amend later (expensive).
Too Narrow = Gaps
"Mobile app for iOS" excludes Android. "Smartphone app" excludes tablets. "Mobile application software" covers all. Broader acceptable wording = better protection.
Pre-Approved Terms
EUIPO maintains acceptable term database. Use pre-approved wording = faster examination. Invent custom description = objections, delays, rejections. Check database first.
Multiple Languages
File in English. EUIPO translates to all 24 languages. Translation errors happen. "Computer software" might translate oddly. Review translated specifications before accepting.
Amendment Restrictions
After filing, can narrow specification but not broaden. "Software" can become "accounting software" but "accounting software" can't become "software." File broad, narrow later if needed.
Trademark Lens checks name availability but specification wording requires attorney expertise - €500 specification review prevents €5K refusal appeals.